Urinary & Renal System notes

01 What's inside

Every topic, from its contents page.

Anatomy & physiology

• Functional Anatomy of the Urinary System
• Renal Physiology
  • – Step 1 - Glomerular Filtration
  • – Step 2 - Tubular Reabsorption
  • – Step 3 - Tubular Secretion
• Micturition Reflex (Urination)
• Role of the Kidneys in Fluid & Electrolyte Balance
• Fluid Balance
• Electrolyte Balance

Pathology

• General Overview of Renal Pathology
• Congenital Kidney Abnormalities
  • – Cystic Diseases of the Kidney (e.g. Polycystic Kidney Disease)
• Urinary Incontinence
• Acute Renal Failures
• Pre-Renal Failures
  • – Renal Artery Stenosis
  • – Renal Cortical Necrosis
• Intra-Renal Failures
  • – Glomerulonephritis
• Nephrotic Syndromes
  • – Minimal Change Disease (MCD, "Foot Process Disease" / "Nil Disease")
  • – Membranous Glomerulonephritis (MGN)
  • – Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
  • – Nephrosclerosis
  • – Diabetic Nephropathy
  • – Lupus Nephritis (SLE)
• Nephritic Syndromes
  • – Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis (PSGN)
  • – IgA Nephropathy ("Berger's Disease")
  • – Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome (HUS)
  • – Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN)
• Tubulo-Interstitial Diseases
  • – Acute Tubular Necrosis
  • – Tubulointerstitial Nephritis
• Post-Renal Failures
  • – Nephrolithiasis & Urolithiasis
• Renal System Cancers
  • – Renal Cell Carcinoma in Adults ("Clear-Cell Carcinoma")
  • – Wilms' Tumour (Nephroblastoma)
  • – Transitional Cell Carcinomas
• Urinary & Kidney Infections
  • – Pyelonephritis
  • – Urinary Tract Infections ("Cystitis")
  • – Renal and Perinephric Abscess
• Electrolyte Imbalances
• Fluid Imbalances
• Diuretics
• Drugs Altering Urine pH
• Population Health & Renal Disease
• Miscellaneous Points
• Urogenic Pain
• Catheterization
• Urine Analysis
• MCQs: Urinary Tract Disease